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R Booleans

Booleans in R are logical values that can either be TRUE or FALSE. They are commonly used in conditional statements and logical operations, making them fundamental to decision-making processes in R programming.

Key Topics

1. Boolean Values

In R, TRUE and FALSE represent Boolean values. They are case-sensitive and should be written in uppercase.

# Boolean values in R
is_true <- TRUE
is_false <- FALSE
print(is_true)
print(is_false)

Output:

[1] TRUE
[1] FALSE

Code Explanation: The variables is_true and is_false are assigned Boolean values TRUE and FALSE, respectively. The print() function displays these values.

2. Logical Operations

R supports logical operations such as & (AND), | (OR), and ! (NOT) to combine or negate Boolean values.

# Logical operations
result_and <- TRUE & FALSE    # AND operation
result_or <- TRUE | FALSE     # OR operation
result_not <- !TRUE           # NOT operation
print(result_and)
print(result_or)
print(result_not)

Output:

[1] FALSE
[1] TRUE
[1] FALSE

Code Explanation: The & operator performs a logical AND, resulting in FALSE because both values are not TRUE. The | operator performs a logical OR, resulting in TRUE because at least one value is TRUE. The ! operator negates TRUE, resulting in FALSE.

3. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare values and return a Boolean result: TRUE or FALSE. Common comparison operators in R include:

Operator Description
==Equal to
!=Not equal to
>Greater than
<Less than
>=Greater than or equal to
<=Less than or equal to
 
# Using comparison operators
x <- 5
y <- 10
is_equal <- (x == y)        # Equal to
is_not_equal <- (x != y)    # Not equal to
is_greater <- (x > y)       # Greater than
is_less <- (x < y)          # Less than
print(is_equal)
print(is_not_equal)
print(is_greater)
print(is_less)

Output:

[1] FALSE
[1] TRUE
[1] FALSE
[1] TRUE

Code Explanation: The comparison operators compare x and y. x == y returns FALSE because 5 is not equal to 10. x != y returns TRUE because 5 is not equal to 10. x > y returns FALSE because 5 is not greater than 10, and x < y returns TRUE because 5 is less than 10.

Key Takeaways

  • Boolean values in R are TRUE and FALSE (case-sensitive).
  • Logical operations include AND (&), OR (|), and NOT (!).
  • Comparison operators return Boolean values based on the comparison of two values.
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